Betula

From Latin betula (“birch tree”).

Betula f

1. A taxonomic genus within the family Betulaceae – birch trees.
   • 2011, Peter A. Thomas, “General Forest Ecological Processes: Chapter 10 from Trees and Forests, a Color Guide”, in Arnoldia, volume 68, number 3 (in English), Boston, MA: Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, page 22:

     Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Acer saccharum (sugar maple, from North America) are very tolerant of deep shade, while Betula spp. (birches) and Populus spp. (poplars) grow best under high light intensities.

• (genus): Eukaryota – superkingdom; Plantae – kingdom; Viridiplantae – subkingdom; Streptophyta – infrakingdom; Embryophyta – superphylum; Tracheophyta – phylum; Spermatophytina – subphylum; angiosperms, eudicots, core eudicots, rosids, fabids – clades; Fagales – order; Betulaceae – family; Betuloideae - subfamily

• (genus): Betula subg. Betula, Betula subg. Betulaster, Betula subg. Betulenta, Betula subg. Chamaebetula, Betula subg. Neurobetula - subgenera
  • Betula pubescens (syn. Betula alba, downy birch) - type species; Betula grossa (Japanese cherry birch), Betula lenta (black birch, cherry birch, sweet birch), Betula nana (dwarf birch), Betula nigra (river birch), Betula papyrifera (paper birch, American white birch, canoe birch), Betula pendula (European white birch) - selected other species; for more other species see References.

•   Betula on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
•   Betula on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
•   Category:Betula on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• Betula at Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Betula at National Center for Biotechnology Information
• Betula at Paleobiology Database
• Betula at USDA Plants database
• Betuloideae at APWeb
• Betula at Plants of the World Online