powód
Old Polish
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *povodъ. By surface analysis, deverbal of powieść. First attested in 1299.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpowód m animacy unattested (related adjective powodny)
- (law, attested in Masovia) plaintiff
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 27:
- Powodowye (actores) theesz bi swogych zaloob alybo rzeczy nye wiproozznyeny, wstawyami
- [Powodowie (actores) też by swojich żałob alibo rzeczy nie wyproźnieni, ustawiamy]
- (law) legal guardian, representative
- 1856-1870 [1444], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki[1], volume II, number 3203:
- Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu
- [Quia citauit (sc. Katherina) cum ministeriali, non mittendo scum aliquem nunccium al. powodu]
- (law, attested in Lesser Poland) right to bring a lawsuit
- 1934 [1460], Leon Białkowski, editor, Lubelska księga podkomorska piętnastego wieku. Liber succamerarii terrae Lublinensis saeculi XV[2], Lublin, page 88:
- Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskal accionem al. powodv
- [Prout super suo antecessore... Stanislao abbate... accquisiverat al. przezyskał accionem al. powodu]
- (attested in Southern Borderlands) civic duty to provide means of transport to a ruler and his officials
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1868 [1455], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego[4], volume XIV, page 437:
- Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos v *otbydzv, propter hoc wsdaly eos sicut na povodu secundum modum terrestrem
- [Super hoc iudex... accepit memoriale... et instituit eos w otbyciu, propter hoc wzdali eos sicut na powodu secundum modum terrestrem]
Derived terms
editadjectives
nouns
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “powód 1-2”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “powód 1-2”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “powód 1-4”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “powód”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish powód. By surface analysis, deverbal of powieść.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpowód m inan (related adjective powodowy)
- cause, reason [with do (+ genitive) ‘for what’; or with żeby (+ past-tense clause or infinitive) or infinitive ‘to do what’]
- Synonym: przyczyna
- Nie miał żadnego powodu, żeby kłamać. ― He had no reason to lie.
- lead (strap or rope connected to a bridle on which a horse is led)
- (obsolete) leading (act of leading)
- (obsolete) logic, sense, reasoning
- (obsolete) argument, reasoning
- (obsolete, in the plural, mining) strips that are nailed in a shaft's compartments on which boxes slide when they are pulled out so that they do not interfere with the shaft lining
- (Middle Polish) consultation
- Synonym: doradztwo
- (Middle Polish) model (example that people follow)
- Synonym: wzór
- (Middle Polish) origin, source; beginning
- (Middle Polish) course of events
- Synonym: przebieg
- (Middle Polish) premise (basis of inference)
- Synonym: przesłanka
- (Middle Polish) topic (subject of discussion)
- Synonym: temat
- (Middle Polish, law) proceedings; case
- (Middle Polish) success
- Synonyms: pomyślność, powodzenie
- (Middle Polish) civil horses (horses prepared in cities so that a representative of the authorities making a longer journey could replace tired horses with rested ones)
- (Middle Polish) civic duty of providing a ruler or his representatives with means of transport
Declension
editDeclension of powód
Derived terms
editprepositions
Trivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), powód is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 17 times in news, 19 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 19 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 98 times, making it the 645th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Noun
editpowód m pers (female equivalent powódka)
- (law) plaintiff
- (Middle Polish) leader (one who leads)
- Synonym: przywódca
- (Middle Polish) initiator, causer
- Synonym: przywódca
Declension
editDeclension of powód
References
editFurther reading
edit- powód in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- powód in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “powód”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “POWÓD”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.05.2021
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “powód”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 860
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “powód”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
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- Old Polish deverbals
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- zlw-opl:Law
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