confundo

Latin

Etymology

From con- (“with, together”) +‎ fundō (“pour”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.doː/, [kõːˈfʊn̪d̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /konˈfun.do/, [koɱˈfun̪d̪o]

Verb

cōnfundō (present infinitive cōnfundere, perfect active cōnfūdī, supine cōnfūsum); third conjugation

to pour, mingle, stir up
Synonyms: fundō, effundō, diffundō, perfundō, dēfundō, indūcō, sternō, dissipō
to diffuse, suffuse, spread over
Synonyms: effundō, fundō, sternō, differō, dissipō
(figuratively) to unite, mix together, join, combine, mingle
Synonyms: misceō, commisceō
(figuratively) to confound, confuse, jumble together, bring into disorder; disconcert, perplex

Conjugation

Conjugation of cōnfundō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnfundō	cōnfundis		cōnfundit	cōnfundimus	cōnfunditis		cōnfundunt
	imperfect	cōnfundēbam	cōnfundēbās		cōnfundēbat	cōnfundēbāmus	cōnfundēbātis		cōnfundēbant
	future	cōnfundam	cōnfundēs		cōnfundet	cōnfundēmus	cōnfundētis		cōnfundent
	perfect	cōnfūdī	cōnfūdistī		cōnfūdit	cōnfūdimus	cōnfūdistis		cōnfūdērunt, cōnfūdēre
	pluperfect	cōnfūderam	cōnfūderās		cōnfūderat	cōnfūderāmus	cōnfūderātis		cōnfūderant
	future perfect	cōnfūderō	cōnfūderis		cōnfūderit	cōnfūderimus	cōnfūderitis		cōnfūderint
passive	present	cōnfundor	cōnfunderis, cōnfundere		cōnfunditur	cōnfundimur	cōnfundiminī		cōnfunduntur
	imperfect	cōnfundēbar	cōnfundēbāris, cōnfundēbāre		cōnfundēbātur	cōnfundēbāmur	cōnfundēbāminī		cōnfundēbantur
	future	cōnfundar	cōnfundēris, cōnfundēre		cōnfundētur	cōnfundēmur	cōnfundēminī		cōnfundentur
	perfect	cōnfūsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnfūsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	cōnfundam	cōnfundās		cōnfundat	cōnfundāmus	cōnfundātis		cōnfundant
	imperfect	cōnfunderem	cōnfunderēs		cōnfunderet	cōnfunderēmus	cōnfunderētis		cōnfunderent
	perfect	cōnfūderim	cōnfūderīs		cōnfūderit	cōnfūderīmus	cōnfūderītis		cōnfūderint
	pluperfect	cōnfūdissem	cōnfūdissēs		cōnfūdisset	cōnfūdissēmus	cōnfūdissētis		cōnfūdissent
passive	present	cōnfundar	cōnfundāris, cōnfundāre		cōnfundātur	cōnfundāmur	cōnfundāminī		cōnfundantur
	imperfect	cōnfunderer	cōnfunderēris, cōnfunderēre		cōnfunderētur	cōnfunderēmur	cōnfunderēminī		cōnfunderentur
	perfect	cōnfūsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfūsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	cōnfunde		—	—	cōnfundite		—
active	future	—	cōnfunditō		cōnfunditō	—	cōnfunditōte		cōnfunduntō
passive	present	—	cōnfundere		—	—	cōnfundiminī		—
passive	future	—	cōnfunditor		cōnfunditor	—	—		cōnfunduntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		cōnfundere		cōnfundī		cōnfundēns		—
future		cōnfūsūrum esse		cōnfūsum īrī		cōnfūsūrus		cōnfundendus, cōnfundundus
perfect		cōnfūdisse		cōnfūsum esse		—		cōnfūsus
future perfect		—		cōnfūsum fore		—		—
perfect potential		cōnfūsūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		cōnfundendī	cōnfundendō		cōnfundendum	cōnfundendō	cōnfūsum		cōnfūsū

Derived terms

Descendants

Catalan: confondre
Italian: confondere
Romanian: cufunda
Old French: confondre, confundre
- French: confondre
- → English: confound
Old Occitan: cofondre, confondre
- Occitan: confondre
Old Spanish: cohonder
Sicilian: cunfùnniri
→ English: confuse
→ Portuguese: confundir
→ Romanian: confunda
→ Spanish: confundir

References

“confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“confundo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
confundo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
- to upset the whole constitution: omnes leges confundere

Portuguese

Verb

confundo

first-person singular present indicative of confundir

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /konˈfundo/ [kõɱˈfũn̪.d̪o]
Rhymes: -undo
Syllabification: con‧fun‧do

Verb

confundo

first-person singular present indicative of confundir