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jfd

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Egyptian

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Etymology 1

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Likely from jfdw (“four”), with an original meaning of ‘run on all fours’ and so ‘run away like a wild animal’.[1] Compare jfdt (“all fours”).

Pronunciation

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  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjaːfatʼ/ → /ˈjaːfatʼ/ → /ˈʔaːfətʼ/ → /ˈʔoːfətʼ/

Verb

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if
d		 D54

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to flee or run away like a wild animal [since the 18th Dynasty]
  2. (transitive) to rush through or across (a place)
    if
    d
    y    		 D41rdD54Hr
    Z1    		 z
    z    		 M
    t    		 E6
     ― jfdj ḥr ssmt ― to traverse on horseback
Inflection
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Conjugation of jfd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jfd, geminated stem: jfdd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jfd
 jfdw, jfd
 jfdt
 jfd
 jfd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jfd
 ḥr jfd
 m jfd
 r jfd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jfd.n
 jfdw, jfd
 consecutive jfd.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jfdt
perfective3 jfd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jfd.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jfd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jfd
 jfdd
 potentialis1 jfd.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jfd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jfd.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jfd
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jfd
 jfd, jfdw5, jfdy5
imperfective jfd, jfdy, jfdw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jfd, jfdj6, jfdy6
 jfd, jfdw5
prospective jfd, jfdtj7
 — jfdtj4, jfdt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jfd  
if
d		 rdD54
if
y		 d
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1		 rdy
D54
jfd jfjd
[21st Dynasty]
in hieratic
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)

Etymology 2

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From jfdw (“four”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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if
d		 O39

 m

  1. rectangular block of stone [Middle Kingdom]
  2. rectangle, rectangular form (as opposed to dbn (“round”)) [Mathematical papyri]
Inflection
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Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw
Descendants
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Noun

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if
d		 N23

 m

  1. rectangular parcel of land [Mathematical papyri]
Inflection
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Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jfd  
if
d		 D42
N23 Z1
jfd

Noun

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if
d
S116

 m

  1. a kind of linen, ‘four-weave’ linen
Inflection
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Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jfd  
S116
if
d
S131
if
d
jfd jfd jfd
Derived terms
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Noun

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if
d		 S28

 m

  1. (linen) sheet or blanket
Usage notes
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Some authors separate this word into two and hypothesize that certain writings—those with determinatives such as

xt
t Z1

or

A55

—represent a different meaning, an article of furniture such as couch. By contrast, others such as the Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache and the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae analyze all writings as the same word. (The TLA treats the writing with determinative

xt
t Z1

as a scribal error.)

Inflection
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Declension of jfd (masculine)
singular jfd
dual jfdwj
plural jfdw
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jfd  
if
d		 S106S28
if
d		 S32
if
d
if
d		 A55V6
if
d		 y
D41		 S28
if
d		 y
D41		 V6xt
t Z1
jfd jfd jfd jfd jfdj jfdj
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom]
in hieratic in hieratic in hieratic
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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if
d
O189

 m

  1. a shrine in Edfu [Greco-Roman Period]

References

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  1. ^ Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 232
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